Choosing a breast pump isn’t as simple as picking one from the shelf. The terms “open system” and “closed system” can be confusing, and most parents aren’t sure what these mean or how they matter. Let’s break it down clearly so you know which pump fits your needs.
What’s the difference between open and closed system pumps?
A closed-system pump has a barrier that blocks milk and moisture from reaching the tubing or motor, while an open-system pump doesn’t, which means milk can sometimes travel into the tubing or motor.
Closed systems are often seen as more hygienic because of the barrier, while open systems are simpler but require extra cleaning to avoid issues. These systems don’t refer to how the pump feels or how well it works, but only to the milk and air pathway.
In a closed system, that small barrier (often called a backflow protector) keeps the milk in the bottle area and stops moisture from spreading. In an open system, air flows freely between the bottle and motor, which makes the pump easier to design but less contained.
Closed-system pumps: the pros and the cons
Closed-system pumps are built with extra protection, and many parents feel they’re safer and easier to trust.
Pros of closed systems:
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Barrier stops milk from getting into tubing.
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Safer for sharing between users if each person has their own kit.
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Less chance of mold or bacteria growth inside the motor.
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Gives peace of mind when pumping often.
Cons of closed systems:
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More parts to clean, like membranes or protectors.
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Sometimes more expensive because of the design.
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If the barrier wears out or breaks, suction can drop.
Think of it like using a sippy cup with a lid. It’s harder for messes to escape, but you’ve got more pieces to wash and replace over time.
Open-system pumps: what you get and what you give up
Open systems are simpler, but they require you to be extra careful with cleaning and maintenance.
Pros of open systems:
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Fewer parts to put together.
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Usually cost less than closed systems.
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Simple air flow can make them easier to use for short-term pumping.
Cons of open systems:
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Milk can enter tubing or reach the motor.
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Harder to share safely with others.
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Cleaning must be done often and thoroughly.
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If milk reaches inside the pump, it’s impossible to fully sanitize.
Think of an open system like drinking through a straw with no lid. It works fine, but spills can happen, and you’ve got to clean carefully every time.
What should parents think about before choosing?
The main things to consider are hygiene, cleaning effort, cost, how often you’ll pump, and whether you’ll share or resell the pump.
If you pump every day, hygiene and durability matter more. If you pump once in a while, cost and ease may matter more.
Let’s look at the key factors:
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Hygiene: Closed systems reduce risk of contamination, open systems demand stricter cleaning.
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Cleaning effort: Closed pumps may have more small parts, open pumps need tubing washed and dried carefully.
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Cost: Open systems are cheaper upfront, closed systems may cost more but save on replacements later.
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Sharing or resale: Closed pumps are safer to pass on if each person uses their own kit.
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Frequency of use: Heavy daily use makes closed systems more practical, light use can work fine with open systems.
Are there myths about closed and open systems?
Yes, many parents think closed pumps are always safer or that open pumps are always dangerous, but neither claim is fully true.
Here’s what’s real:
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Closed doesn’t always mean completely sealed. Some designs allow moisture through if not cared for.
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Open doesn’t mean you’ll automatically have mold problems. With good cleaning, many parents use them safely.
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No major illness outbreaks have been linked directly to open pumps.
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Some closed systems work better than others, depending on the quality of the barrier.
The labels “open” and “closed” are not strictly regulated, so brands may market them differently. It’s smart to check the manual and design details.
How do you care for either type?
No matter which pump you pick, the most important step is following the cleaning instructions and replacing parts as needed.
Tips that apply to both systems:
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Wash and dry all washable parts after each session.
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Inspect tubing for moisture; if it’s wet, clean and air dry.
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Replace membranes, valves, or tubing if suction feels weaker.
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Keep spare parts on hand to avoid last-minute stress.
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Store the pump in a clean, dry place away from steam and grease in the kitchen.
Following these habits keeps your pump safe and extends its life.
When might a closed system make more sense?
A closed pump is the better pick if you pump every day, plan to share with others, or want less worry about hygiene.
Closed systems are also helpful for exclusive pumpers, moms with premature babies in the NICU, or those planning to resell later. For heavy-duty or long-term use, most experts suggest going with a closed system.
Which is right for you then?
The truth is that both systems can work well when used properly. Closed systems give more protection and are easier to share, while open systems are cheaper and simpler for short-term use.
If you’re looking for daily pumping and peace of mind, choose a closed system. If you need something affordable for occasional pumping, an open system may suit you.
The best pump is the one that fits your lifestyle, budget, and comfort.
Common questions parents ask
Can you sterilize an open-system pump fully?
No, you can’t sterilize an open system fully because milk or moisture that enters the motor can’t be cleaned out.
You can clean and boil tubing and parts, but once the motor is exposed, bacteria can remain inside.
Is it safe to buy a used pump?
It’s generally safer to buy or share a closed-system pump, as long as each user has their own personal kit.
With open systems, sharing carries higher risks of contamination since internal parts can’t be cleaned completely.
What if milk gets into the tubing?
If milk enters the tubing, stop using it, clean thoroughly, and replace if needed.
For open systems, check for mold after drying. For closed systems, replace the barrier or tubing if suction feels weak.
Do closed pumps need less cleaning?
No, closed pumps still need cleaning of all washable parts after each use.
The barrier only protects the motor, but bottles, flanges, and valves must be washed and dried just the same.
Are open pumps unsafe for babies?
No, open pumps aren’t unsafe as long as they’re cleaned properly and used by one person.
The hygiene concern is mainly about motor contamination and sharing, not the milk itself.